g***@gmail.com
2017-11-18 09:09:15 UTC
I am posting this on request of a netter. This is not my work. I don't
know who the author is. I respect his work. I had saved it in a file and
I am posting this for benefit of all. The song 'Jaane kya doondhthi
rahti....' got interspersed somewhere in the file. My fault. I
apologise for that. Well, I hope you enjoy it.
Harish
Classical Definition of Ghazal
===============================
Ghazal in short, is a collection of Sher's which follow the rules of
'Matla', 'Maqta', 'Beher', 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'. So to know what
Ghazal is, it's necessary to know what these terms mean.
To understand these terms easily , we will take an example.
1. koi ummid bar nahin aati
koi surat nazar nahin aati
2. aage aati thi haale dil par hasi
ab kisi baat par nahin aati
3. hum wahan hain, jahan se humko bhi
kucch hamaari khabar nahin aati
4. kaabaa kis muh se jaaoge 'Ghalib'
sharm tumko magar nahin aati
What is a Sher ?
It's a poem of two lines. This definition is deceptively simple.
Please note that, every Sher is a poem in itself ! A Sher does not
need, anything around it, to convey the message.
All the 4 stanzas in our example are independent poems, Sher's.
So Ghazal is necessarily a collection of two-line-poems called Sher.
[ So the Rafi solo "rang aur noor ki baaraat kise pesh karu" is NOT
a Ghazal, as every stanza is of 3 lines, and not 2. ]
What are other restrictions ? Many, and important ones.
[ Any collection of Sher's is not Ghazal. Some good examples are ; the
famous Mukesh song from Yehoodi, "yeh mera deewaanaapan hai" ; and the
title song of "dil apana aur preet parayi". Each stanza in these songs
can be considered as an independent Sher, but they are NOT Ghazal's.
To understand, why, we have to wait till 'Kaafiyaa, 'Radif'. ]
What is 'Beher' ?
'Beher' is the 'meter' of the Sher's. It can be considered as the
length of the Sher. Both the lines in the Sher *MUST* be of
same 'Beher'. And all the Sher's in one Ghazal *MUST* be of the
same 'Beher'. There are 19 (!!) kinds of 'Beher'. But in simple terms,
'Beher' is categorized in 3 classes. Short, medium, long.
[ The examples in [] are my additions, from Hindi Films. ]
ahale dairo-haram reh gaye
tere deewane kam reh gaye
[ Also Talat song, "dil-e-nadan tuze hua kya hai" ]
umr jalwo me basar ho, ye zaruri to nahin
har shab-e-gam ki seher ho, ye zaruri to nahin
[ And by Gulzar, "ruke ruke se kadam, ruk ke baar baar chale" ]
ai mere humnashin, chal kahin aur chal, is chaman me ab apanaa guzaaraa nahin
baat hoti gulon ki, to seh lete hum, ab to kaaton pe bhi haq hamaaraa nahin
[ The filmfare winner, "Manzile apani jagah hai" !! Yes ! It IS a Ghazal.
And the Shayar is Prakash Mehra !! surprise , surprise !! ]
So Ghazal is a collection of Sher's of SAME 'Beher'.
What is 'Radif' ?
In a Ghazal, second line of all the Sher's *MUST* end with the *SAME*
word/s. This repeating common words is the 'Radif' of the Ghazal.
In our example, the 'Radif' is "nahin aati".
[ Sometimes, the Ghazal becomes known by its 'Radif'. eg. "jaraa
aahista chal" sung by Pankaj Udhas. On RMIM we all know one Ghazal by
the 'Radif' as "aahista aahista", don't we ? or is it 2 or 3 ? :-) ]
What is 'Kaafiyaa' ?
'Kaafiyaa' is the rhyming pattern which all the words before 'Radif'
*MUST* have.
In our example the 'Kaafiyaa' is "bar", "nazar", "par", "magar" etc.
This is a necessary requirement. Something which is followed even in
the exceptions to all these rules.
So Ghazal is a collection of Sher's of same 'Beher', ending in same
'Radif' and having same 'Kaafiyaa'.
[ That's the reason, why "yeh mera diwanapan hai" etc. are NOT Ghazals.
There is no common thing which can be called 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'. ]
What is 'Matla' ?
The first Sher in the Ghazal *MUST* have 'Radif' in its both lines.
This Sher is called 'Matla' of the Ghazal and the Ghazal is usually
known after its 'Matla'. There can be more than one 'Matla' in a
Ghazal. In such a case the second one is called 'Matla-e-saani' or
'Husn-e-matla'.
In our example, the first Sher is the 'Matla'.
What is 'Maqta' ?
A Shayar usually has an alias ie. 'takhallus' eg. Mirza Asadullakhan
used 'Ghalib' as his 'takhallus' and is known by that. Other examples
are 'Daag' Dehlvi, 'Mir' Taqi Mir, Said 'Rahi', Ahmed 'Faraz' etc.
There is a Sher in a Ghazal, the last one, which has the Shayar's
'takhallus' in it.
[ A Shayar, can use the 'Maqta' very intelligently. He can "talk to
himself" like one in our example. I have lots of favourite Sher's
which are 'Maqta' of some Ghazal. Some gems are
koi nam-o-nishan puchhe to ai kaasid bataa denaa,
takhallus 'Daag' hai, aur aahiqon ke dil me rehte hai
and
jab bhi milte hain, to kehte hain, "kaise ho 'Shakil'",
iske aage to koi baat nahin hoti hai
The first one uses the meaning of the 'takhallus' to create the
magic, and the second one is just simple, simply beautiful. ]
To summarize, Ghazal is a collection of Sher's (independent two-line
poems), in which there is atleast one 'Matla', one 'Maqta' and all
the Sher's are of same 'Beher' and have the same 'Kaafiyaa' and
'Radif'.
EXCEPTIONS AND IMP. POINTS TO NOTE
==================================
1. Ghazal is just a form. It is independent of any language.
eg. in Marathi also, there can be (and there are) good Ghazals.
2. Some Ghazal's do NOT have any 'Radif'. Rarely. Such Ghazal's
are called "gair-muraddaf" Ghazal.
3. Although, every Sher, should be an independent poem in itself,
it is possible, that all the Sher's are on the same theme. What
famous example can be other than "chupke chupke raat din aasun
bahaanaa yaad hai".
4. In modern Urdu poetry, there are lots of Ghazal's which do
NOT follow the restriction of same 'Beher' on both the lines
of Sher. [ My example in 'Maqta', the Sher by Shakil, is one. ]
But even in these Ghazal's, 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif' are present.
5. The restriction of 'Maqta' is really very loose. Many many
Ghazal's do NOT have any 'Maqta'. [ I think 'Maqta' was used in
the earlier times, as a way to keep the credit. But since this is
traditional, many Ghazal's do have a 'Maqta' just for the sake of it.
Sometimes the name of the Shayar comes unnaturally in the last
Sher of the Ghazal. ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
So that's my long essay on Ghazal :-)
I hope it helps in clearing some doubts, and I also hope
that atleast for some, the information was interesting and new.
- Abhay.
Ghazal rudaad hai naakaamiyon ki,
Ghazal mehrumiyon ki daastaan hai |
Ghazal riste hue zakhmon ka marham,
Ghazal ek chaaraa-e-dard-e-nihan hai |
Ghazal ka husn hi hai, husn-e-aalam,
Ghazal ka noor hi noor-e-jahan hai |
- Jagdish Bhatnagar 'Hayaat'
Jane Kya Dhoondti Rehti Hai Yeh Aankhen Mujh Men
Raakh Ke Dher Men Shola Hai Na Chingari Hai
Ab Na Woh Pyar Na Us Pyar Ki Yaaden Baaki
Aag Yun Dil Men Lagi Kuchh Na Raha, Kuchh Na Bacha
Jiski Tasveer Nigahon Men Liye Baithi Ho
Main Woh Dildaar Nahin, Uski Hoon Khamosh Chita
(Jane Kya...)
Zindagi Hanske Guzarti To Bahut Achha Tha
Khair Hanske Na Sahi Roke Guzar Jayegi
Raakh Barbaad Mohabbat Ki Bacha Rakkhi Hai
Baar-Baar Isko Jo Chheda To Bikhar Jayegi
(Jane Kya...)
-this is my favorite stanza-
Aarzoo Jurm, Wafa Jurm, Tamanna Hai Gunaah (2X)
Yeh Woh Duniya Hai Jahan Pyar Nahin Ho Sakta
Kaise Baazaar Ka Dastoor Tumhen Samjhaoon
Bik Gaya Jo Woh Khareedaar Nahin Ho Sakta
Bik Gaya Jo, Woh Khareedaar Nahin Ho Sakta...
............................................................................
GHALIB - GHAZALS
............................................................................
A note on pronunciation
-----------------------
(a) Vowel pronunciation key.
'a' as 'u' in cut
'aa' as 'a' in car
'i' as 'i' in fit
'ee' as 'ee' in feel
'u' as 'u' in put
'oo' as 'oo' in pool
'e' as 'e' in bed
'ai' as 'ei' in neighbour
'o' as 'o' in mode
'au' as 'ow' in how
(b) Words ending with an 'a' should be pronounced as 'a' in 'car'.
Examples : 'kya' = what
'nateeja' = result
Examples : 'GH' as in 'GHam' = sorrow
'KH' as in 'KHayaal' = thought
Examples : 'maiN' = me
'meiN' = in
'aasmaaN' = sky
(i) 'i' and 'ee'
Examples : 'nigaah' = sight
'nishaan' = mark/sign
'teer' = arrow
'hakeem' = physician/doctor
(ii) 'k' and 'q'
Examples : 'shauq' = fondness/desire
'qaabil' = worthy
'kamar' = waist
'KHaak' = dust/ashes
(iii) small and capital letters
Examples : 't' as 't' in with
'T' as 't' in metal
...........................................................................
1. har ek baat pe kehte ho tum ke 'too kya hai' ?
tumheeN kaho ke yeh andaaz-e-guftgoo kya hai ?
[ guftgoo = conversation ]
2. na shole meiN yeh karishma na barq meiN yeh ada
koee batao ki woh shoKH-e-tund_KHoo kya hai ?
[ barq = lightning, tund = sharp/angry, KHoo = behavior ]
3. yeh rashk hai ki wo hota hai ham_suKHan tumse
wagarna KHauf-e-bad_aamozi-e-adoo kya hai ?
[ rashk = jealousy, ham_suKHan = to speak together/to agree,
KHauf = fear, bad = bad/wicked, aamozee = education/teaching,
adoo = enemy ]
4. chipak raha hai badan par lahoo se pairaahan
hamaaree jeb ko ab haajat-e-rafoo kya hai ?
[ pairaahan = shirt/robe/cloth, haajat = need/necessity,
rafoo = mending/darning ]
5. jalaa hai jicm jahaaN dil bhee jal gaya hoga
kuredate ho jo ab raakh, justjoo kya hai ?
[ justjoo = desire ]
6. ragoN meiN dauDte firne ke ham naheeN qaayal
jab aaNkh hee se na Tapka to fir lahoo kya hai ?
7. woh cheez jiske liye hamko ho bahisht azeez
siwaay baada-e-gul_faam-e-mushkaboo kya hai ?
[ bahisht (or bihisht, both are correct) = heaven, baada = wine,
gul_faam = delicate and fragrant like flowers, mushkaboo = like
the smell of musk ]
8. piyooN sharaab agar KHum bhee dekh looN do chaar
yeh sheesha-o-qadah-o-kooza-o-suboo kya hai ?
[ KHum = wine barrel, qadah = goblet, kooza/suboo = wine pitcher ]
9. rahee na taaqat-e-guftaar, aur agar ho bhee
to kis ummeed pe kahiye ke aarzoo kya hai ?
[ guftaar = speech/discourse ]
10. huaa hai shaah ka musaahib, fire hai itaraata
wagarna shehar meiN 'GHalib' kee aabroo kya hai ?
[ musaahib = comrade/associate ]
............................................................................
1. husn-e-mah, garche ba_haNgaam-e-kamaal achcha hai
us'se mera mah-e-KHursheed-e-jamaal achcha hai
[ mah = moon, KHursheed = sun, jamaal = beauty ]
2. bosa dete naheeN aur dil pe hai har lahja nigaah
jee meiN kehte haiN, muft aaye to maal achcha hai
[ bosa = kiss ]
3. aur baazaar se le aaye agar TooT gaya
saaGHar-e-jam se mera jaam-e-sifaal achcha hai
[ saaGHar-e-jam = Badshah Jamshed's cup, jaam-e-sifaal = clay cup ]
4. be_talab daiN to maza usme siwa milta hai
woh gada jisko na ho KHoo-e-sawaal achcha hai
[ be_talab = without any enquiry, gada = beggar, KHoo = habit ]
5. unke dekhe se jo aa jaatee hai muNh par raunaq
woh samajhte haiN ke beemaar ka haal achcha hai
6. dekhiye paate haiN ushshaaq butoN se kya faiz ?
ik birahaman ne kaha hai, ke yeh saal achcha hai
[ ushshaaq = lovers, faiz = profit ]
7. ham_suKHan teshe ne farhaad ko sheereeN se kiya
jis tarah ka bhee kisee meiN ho kamaal achcha hai
[ ham_suKHan = together, tesha = axe ]
8. qatra dariya meiN jo mil jaaye to dariya ho jaaye
kaam achchaa hai woh, jiska ma'aal achcha hai
[ ma'aal = result ]
9. KHijr SultaaN ko rakhe KHaaliq-e-akbar sar_sabz
shaah ke baaGH meiN yeh taaza nihaal achcha hai
[ KHijr SultaaN = one of Badshah Zafar's son, KHaaliq = The Creator/
God, akbar = greatest, sar_sabz = fertile, nihaal = tree ]
10. hamko ma'aloom hai jannat ki haqeeqat lekin
dil ke KHush rakhne ko, 'GHalib' yeh KHayaal achcha hai
...........................................................................
1. GHair leiN mehfil meiN bose jaam ke
ham rahaiN yooN tishna_lab paiGHaam ke
[ bosa = kiss, tishna = thirsty ]
2. KHastagee ka tumse kya shikwa ki ye
hathkanDe haiN charKH-e-neelee_faam ke
[ KHastagee = injury/sickness, shikawa = complaint,
hathkanDe = tactics, charKH = sky, neelee_faam = blue colour/
complexion ]
3. KHat likhenge garche matlab kuchch na ho
ham to aashiq haiN tumhaare naam ke
4. raat pee zamzam pe mai aur subh_dam
dhoye dhab'be jaam-e-'eharaam ke
[ zamzam = a well in Kaba whose water is considered holy,
mai = wine, subh_dam = at dawn, 'eharaam = dress for 'haj' ]
5. dil ko aaNkhoN ne fasaaya kya magar
ye bhee halqe haiN tumhaare daam ke
[ halqa = ring/circle, daam = net/trap ]
6. shaah ke haiN GHusl-e-sehat ko KHabar
dekhiye kab din fireiN hammaam ke
[ GHusl = bath, sehat = health, hammaam = a hot bath where a masseur
gives massage and bath ]
7. ishq ne 'GHalib' nikamma kar diya
warna ham bhee aadmee the; kaam ke
.............................................................................
1. naqsh fariyaadee hai kiskee shoKHee-e-tehreer ka
kaaGHazee hai pairhan har paikar-e-tasweer ka
[ naqsh = copy/print, fariyaad = complaint, tehreer = hand
writing, kaaGHazee = delicate, pairhan = dress,
paikar = appearance ]
2. kaave-kaave saKHt_jaanee haay tanhaaee na pooch
subah karna shaam ka laana hai joo-e-sheer ka
[ kaave-kaave = hard work, saKHt_jaanee = tough life,
joo = canal/stream, sheer = milk, joo-e-sheer = to create a
canal of milk, here means to perform an impossible task ]
3. jazba-e-be_iKHtiyaar-e-shauq dekha chaahiye
seena-e-shamsheer se baahar hai dam shamsheer ka
[ iKHtiyaar = authority/power, shamsheer = sword ]
4. aagahee daam-e-shuneedan jis qadar chaahe bichaaye
mudda'a 'anqa hai apne aalam-e-taqreer ka
[ aagahee = knowledge/intution, daam = net/trap,
shuneed = conversation, 'anqa = rare, aalam = world/universe,
taqreer = speech/discourse ]
5. bus ke hooN 'GHalib' aseeree meiN bhee aatish zer-e-pa
moo-e-aatish_deeda hai halqa meree zanjeer ka
[ aseeree = imprisonment/captivity, zer-e-pa = under the feet,
moo = hair, aatish_deeda = roasted on fire, halqa = ring/circle ]
............................................................................
1. kabhee nekee bhee uske jee meiN gar aa jaaye hai mujhse
jafaayeN karke apnee yaad sharma jaaye hai mujhse
[ jafaayeN = opression/tyranny of a beloved ]
2. KHudaaya ! jazbaa-e-dil kee magar taaseer ulTee hai
ki jitna khiNtchataa hooN aur khiNtchtaa jaaye hai mujhse
[ jazbaa-e-dil = emotions, taaseer = impression ]
3. woh bad_KHoo aur meree daastan-e-ishq tulaanee
ibaarat muKHtasar, qaasid bhee ghabra jaaye hai mujhse
[ bad_KHoo = bad habits, tulaanee = long, ibaarat = diction/
admonishing, muKHtasar = concise, qaasid = messenger ]
4. udhar woh bad_GHumaanee hai, idhar yeh naatavaanee hai
na poocha jaaye hai us'se, na bola jaaye hai mujhse
[ badGHumaanee = suspicion, naatavaanee = weakness ]
5. sambhalne de mujhe 'ei na_ummidee kya qayaamat hai
ki daamaan-e-KHayaal-e-yaar chooTa jaaye hai mujhse
6. takalluf bartaraf nazzaaragee meiN bhee sahi, lekin
woh dekha jaaye, kab ye zulm dekha jaaye hai mujhse
[ taqalluf = hesitation/formality, bartaraf = suspend ]
7. hue haiN paaNv hee pehle nabard-e-ishq meiN zaKHmee
na bhaaga jaaye hai mujhse, na Thehra jaaye hai mujhse
[ nabard-e-ishaq = struggle in love ]
8. qayaamat hai ke howe muddaee ka ham_safar 'GHalib'
woh kaafir, jo KHuda ko bhee na sauNpa jaaye hai mujhse
.......................................................................
1. dil se teree nigaah jigar tak utar gayee
donoN ko ik adaa meiN razaamand kar gayee
2. shaq ho gaya hai seena, KHushee lazzat-e-firaaq
takleef-e-pardaadaari-e-zaKHm-e-jigar gayee
[ shaq = crack/split, firaaq = separation,
pardaadaaree = to hide, esp. fault ]
3. woh baada-e-shabaana kee sar mastiyaaN kahaaN ?
uThiye bas ab ki lazzat-e-KHwaab-e-sahar gayee
[ baada = wine, shabaana = night, sahar = morning ]
4. uDtee fire hai KHaak meree koo-e-yaar se
baare ab 'ei hawa, hawas-e- baal-o-par gayee
[ baare = at last, koo-e-yaar = lover's street ]
5. dekhooN to dil_farebi-e-andaaz-e-naqsh-e-pa
mauj-e-KHiraam-e-yaar bhee kya gul katar gayee
[ dil_fareb = heart alluring, naqsh = copy/print, pa = leg,
mauj = wave/enjoyment, KHiraam = speed ]
6. har bulhawas ne husn_parastee shiaar kee
ab aabru-e-sheva-e-'ehl-e-nazar gayee
[ bulhawas = greedy, husn_parastee = to appreciate beauty,
shiaar = habit, aabru = respect/honour, sheva = manner/habit ]
7. nazzaare ne bhee kaam kiya waaN naqaab ka
mastee se har nigaah tere ruKH par bikhar gayee
8. farda-o-dee ka tafarqa yak baar mit gaya
kal tum gaye ke ham pe qayaamat guzar gayee
[ farda = yesterday, dee = tomorrow, tafarqa = difference ]
9. maara zamaane ne 'Asadullah KHaaN' tumhe
woh walwale kahaaN, woh jawaanee kidhar gayee ?
[ walwale = enthusiasm ]
......................................................................
1. miltee hai KHoo-e-yaar se naar iltihaab meiN
kaafir hooN gar na miltee ho raahat 'azaab meiN
[ KHoo-e-yaar = lover's nature/behavior/habit, naar = fire,
iltihaab = flame, 'azaab = sorrow ]
2. kab se hooN, kya bataaooN jahaan-e-KHaraab meiN ?
shab haaye hijr ko bhee rakhooN gar hisaab meiN
[ jahaan-e-KHaraab = world of problems, shab = night,
hijr = separation ]
3. taa fir na intezaar meiN neeNd aaye 'umr bhar
aane ka 'ahad kar gaye aaye jo KHwaab meiN
[ taa = so that, 'ahad = promise ]
4. qaasid ke aate-aate KHat ik aur likh rakhooN
maiN jaanta hooN jo woh likhenge jawaab meiN
[ qaasid = messenger ]
5. mujh tak kab unkee bazm meiN aata tha daur-e-jaam
saaqee ne kuchch mila na diya ho sharaab meiN
[ bazm = meeting/"mehafil", saaqee = bar tender ]
6. jo munkir-e-wafa ho fareb us pe kya chale ?
kyooN badGHumaaN hooN dost se dushman ke baab meiN ?
[ munkir-e-wafa = one who denies loyalty, fareb = illusion/fraud
badGHumaaN = suspicious, baab = company ]
7. maiN muztarib hooN wasl meiN KHauf-e-raqeeb se
Daala hai tumko weham ne kis pech-o-taab meiN
[ muztarib = anxious/disturbed, wasl = meeting with the lover,
KHauf = fear, raqeeb = opponent, pech-o-taab = predicament ]
8. mai aur haz'z-e-wasl, KHudaa_saaz baat hai
jaaN nazr denee bhool gaya iztiraab meiN
[ mai = bar, haz'z-e-wasl = joy of meeting, KHudaa_saaz = god's gift,
iztiraab = anxiety ]
9. hai tevaree chaDee huee andar naqaab ke
hai ik shikan paDee huee tarf-e-naqaab meiN
[ shikan = wrinkle, tarf = eyelid ]
10. laakhauN lagaav, ik churaana nigaah ka
laakhauN banaav, ik bigaaDna itaab meiN
[ itaab = anger ]
11. woh naala_dil meiN KHas ke baraabar jagah na paaye
jis naale se shigaaf paDe aaftaab meiN
[ naala_dil = crying heart, KHas = hay/grass, shigaaf = crack,
aaftaab = sun/face ]
12. woh sehar muddaa talbee meiN na kaam aaye
jis sehar se safina ravaaN ho saraab meiN
[ sehar = magic, muddaa talbee = fulfillment of a desire,
safina = boat, ravaaN = move, saraab = mirage ]
13. 'GHalib' chutee sharaab, par ab bhee kabhee-kabhee
peeta hooN roz-e-abr -o- shab-e-maahtaab meiN
[ abr = clouds, roz-e-abr = cloudy day, maahtaab = moon ]
.......................................................................
1. daayam paDa huaa tere dar par naheeN hooN maiN
KHaak 'eisee zindagee pe ke patthar naheeN hooN maiN
[ daayam = always ]
2. kyooN gardish-e-mudaam se ghabra na jaaye dil ?
insaan hooN, pyaala-o-saaGHar naheeN hooN maiN
[ gardish = bad time/luck, mudaam = always ]
3. yaarab ! zamaana mujhko miTaata hai kis liye ?
loh-e-jahaaN pe harf-e-muqarrar naheeN hooN maiN
[ harf = alphabet, muqarrar = again ]
4. had chaahiye saza meiN uqoobat ke waaste
aaKHir gunaahagaar hooN, kaafir naheeN hooN maiN
[ uqoobat = pain ]
5. kis waaste 'azeez naheeN jaante mujhe ?
laal-o-zumarrud-o-zar-o-gauhar naheeN hooN maiN
[ laal = a kind of gem, zumurrud = green colored gem,
zar = gold, gauhar = gem ]
6. rakhte ho tum qadam meree aaNkhoN se kya dareGH
rutbe meiN mehar-o-maah se kamtar naheeN hooN maiN
[ dareGH = regret/grief, mehar = sun, maah = moon ]
7. karte ho mujhko man'a-e-qadam_bos kis liye ?
kya aasmaan ke bhee baraabar naheeN hooN maiN ?
[ bosa = kiss ]
8. 'GHalib' wazifaa_KHwaar ho, do shaah ko duaa
woh din gaye ki kehte the;, "naukar naheeN hooN maiN"
[ wazifaa_KHawaar = pensioner ]
......................................................................
1. dil-e-naadaaN tujhe huaa kya hai ?
aaKHir is dard kee dawa kya hai
2. ham haiN mushtaaq aur woh bezaar
ya ilaahee ! yeh maajra kya hai ?
[ mushtaaq = interested, bezaar = displeased/sick of ]
3. maiN bhee muNh meiN zabaan rakhta hooN
kaash ! poocho ki "muddaa kya hai" ?
4. jab ki tujh bin naheeN koee maujood
fir ye hangaama, 'ei KHuda ! kya hai
5. ye paree chehara log kaise haiN ?
GHamza-o-ishwa-o-'adaa kya hai ?
[ paree chehara = angel faced, GHamza = amorous glance,
ishwa = coquetry ]
6. shikan-e-zulf-e-ambaree kyoN hai ?
nigah-e-chashm-e-soorma sa kya hai ?
[ shikan = wrinkel/fold, ambaree = fragrance, chashm = eye ]
7. sabja-o-gul kahaaN se aaye haiN ?
abr kya cheez hai, hawa kya hai ?
[ abr = clouds ]
8. hamko unse wafa ki hai ummeed
jo naheeN jaante wafa kya hai
9. "haaN bhala kar tera bhala hoga"
aur darvesh kee sada kya hai ?
[ darvesh = beggar, sada = voice ]
10. jaan tum par nisaar karta hooN
maiN naheeN jaanata duaa kya hai
11. maiNe maana ki kuchch naheeN 'GHalib'
muft haath aaye to bura kya hai ?
..........................................................................
1. woh aake KHwaab meiN taskeen-e-iztiraab to de
wale mujhe tapish-e-dil, mazaal-e-KHwaab to de
[ taskeen = satisfaction, iztiraab = anxiety, tapish = burn/passion,
mazaal = strength ]
2. kare hai qatl lagaawat meiN tera ro dena
teree tarah koee teGH-e-nigah ko aab to de
[ lagaawat = affection, tegh = sword, aab = cool ]
3. dikhaake jumbish-e-lab hee tamaam kar hamko
na de jo bosa, to muNh se kaheeN jawaab to de
[ jumbish = motion/vibration, bosa = kiss ]
4. pila de oak se saaqee jo hamse nafrat hai
pyaala gar naheeN deta na de, sharaab to de
[ oak = palm of the hand contracted so as to hold water ]
5. 'Asad' KHushee se mere haath paaNv phool gaye
kaha jo usne zara mere paaNv daab to de
..........................................................................
1. ghar jab bana liya hai tere dar par kahe baGHair
jaanega ab bhee too na mera ghar kahe baGHair
2. kehte haiN, jab rahee na mujhe taaqat-e-suKHan
jaanooN kisee ke dil ki maiN kyoNkar kahe baGHair
[ taaqat-e-suKHan = strength to speak ]
3. kaam us'se aa paDa hai ki jiska jahaan meiN
lewe na koee naam 'sitamgar' kahe baGHair
[ sitamgar = oppressor ]
4. jee meiN hee kuchch naheeN hai hamaare, wagarna ham
sar jaaye ya rahe, na rahaiN par kahe baGHair
5. choDooNga maiN na us but-e-kaafir ka poojna
choDe na KHalq go mujhe kaafir kahe baGHair
[ but = idol/lover, KHalq = world ]
6. maqsad hai naaz-o-GHamza, wale guftagoo meiN kaam
chalta naheeN hai, dashna-o-KHanjar kahe baGHair
[ GHamza = amorous glance, dashna = dagger ]
7. har chand ho mushaahit-e-haq ki guftagoo
bantee naheeN hai baada-o-saaGHar kahe baGHair
[ mushaahit = God, baada = wine ]
8. behra hooN maiN to chaahiye doona ho iltafaat
sunta naheeN hooN baat muqarrar kahe baGHair
[ iltafaat = mercy, muqarrar = again ]
9. 'GHalib' na kar huzoor meiN too baar-baar 'arz
zaahir hai tera haal sab un par kahe baGHair
...........................................................................
1. shauq har rang raqeeb-e-sar-o-saamaaN niklaa
qais tasveer ke parde meiN bhee uriyaaN niklaa
[ raqeeb = opponent, sar-o-saamaaN = with belongings,
qais = 'majanooN', uriyaaN = nude ]
2. zaKHm ne daad na dee, tangee-e-dil ki yaarab !
teer bhee seena-e-bismil se par_afshaaN niklaa
[ daad = justice, seena-e-bismil = wounded heart, par = wings,
afshaaN = rattle ]
3. boo-e-gul, naala-e-dil, dood-e-charaaGH-e-mehfil
jo teree bazm se nikla, so parishaaN niklaa
[ boo = fragrance, gul = flower, naalaa = cry, dood = smoke, esp.
from a lamp that's been extinguished ]
4. thee nau_aamoz_fana'a himmat-e-dushwaar_pasand
saKHt mushkil hai ki yah kaam bhee aasaaN nikla
[ nau_aamoz = beginner, dushwaar = difficult ]
5. dil meiN fir giryaaN ne ik shor uThaaya 'GHalib'
aah jo qatra na nikla tha, so toofaaN nikla
[ giryaaN = weeping, qatra = drop ]
...........................................................................
1. 'arz-e-niyaaz-e-ishq ke qaabil naheeN raha
jis dil pe naaz tha mujhe wo dil naheeN raha
[ niyaaz = desire/an offering ]
2. jaata hooN daaGH-e-hasarat-e-hastee liye hue
hooN shamma'a_kushta darKHur-e-mehfil naheeN raha
[ hastee = life/existence, shamma'a_kushta = extinguished lamp,
darKHur = worthy ]
3. marne ki 'ei dil aur hee tadabeer kar ki maiN
shaayaan-e-dast-o-baazu-e-qaatil naheeN rahaa
[ tadabeer = solution/remedy, shaayaan = worthy, dast = hand,
baazoo = shoulder ]
4. bararoo-e-shash jihat dar-e-aaina_baaz hai
yaaN imtiaz-e-naakis-o-qaamil naheeN rahaa
[ bararoo = in front, shash = six, jihat = direction,
imtiaz = distinction, naakis = cunning, qaamil = intelligent ]
5. waa kar diye haiN shauq ne band-e-naqaab-e-husn
GHair_az nigaah ab koee haayal naheeN raha
[ waa = open, GHair_az = other than, haayal = obstacle ]
6. go maiN raha, rahee na sitam haaye rozgaar
lekin tere KHayaal se GHaafil naheeN raha
[ sitam = oppression, GHaafil = unaware/careless ]
7. dil se hawa-e-kisht-e-wafa miT gayee ki waaN
haasil siwaay hasrat-e-haasil naheeN raha
8. bedaad-e-ishq se naheeN Darta magar 'Asad'
jis dil pe naaz tha mujhe wo dil naheeN raha
[ bedaad = injustice ]
............................................................................
1. na tha kuchch to KHuda tha, kuchch na hota to KHuda hota
duboya mujhko hone ne, na hota maiN to kya hota ?
2. huaa jab GHam se yooN behis to GHam kya sar ke kaTne ka
na hota gar juda tan se to zaanooN par dhaRa hota
[ behis = shocked/stunned, zaanooN = knee ]
3. huee muddat ke 'GHalib' mar gaya par yaad aata hai
wo har ek baat pe kehana, ke yooN hota to kya hota ?
[ muddat = duration/period ]
............................................................................
1. hazaaroN KHwahishaiN 'eisee ke har KHwahish pe dam nikle
bohot nikle mere armaaN lekin fir bhee kam nikle
2. Dare kyooN mera qaatil kya rahega uskee gardan par
wo KHooN, jo chashm-e-tar se 'umr bhar yooN dam_ba_dam nikle
[ KHooN = blood, chashm = eye, tar = wet, dam_ba_dam = continously ]
3. nikalna KHuld se aadam ka sunte aayaiN haiN lekin
bohot be_aabru hokar tere kooche se ham nikle
[ KHuld = heaven, be_aabaru = disgrace, koocha = street ]
4. bharam khul jaaye zaalim tere qaamat ki daraazee ka
agar is turra-e-pur_pech-o-KHam ka pech-o-KHam nikle
[ daraazee = length/delay, qaamat = stature, turra = an ornamental
tassel worn in the turban, pech-o-KHam = curls in the
hair/complexity ]
5. magar likhwaaye koee usko KHat, to hamse likhawaaye
huee subah aur ghar se kaan par rakhkar qalam nikle
6. huee is daur meiN mansoob mujhse baada_aashaamee
fir aaya wo zamaana, jo jahaaN se jaam-e-jam nikle
[ mansoob = association, baada_aashaamee = association with
drinking ]
7. huee jinse tavaqqo KHastagee kee daad paane kee
wo hamse bhee ziyaada KHasta-e-teGH-e-sitam nikle
[ tavaqqo = expectation, KHastagee = weakness, daad = justice,
KHasta = broken/sick/injured, teGH = sword, sitam = cruelity ]
8. mohabbat meiN naheeN hai farq jeene aur marne kaa
usee ko dekh kar jeete haiN jis kaafir pe dam nikle
9. zara kar jor seene par ki teer-e-pursitam nikle
jo wo nikle to dil nikle, jo dil nikle to dam nikle
10. KHuda ke waaste parda na kaabe se uThaa zaalim
kaheeN 'eisa na ho yaaN bhee wohee kaafir sanam nikle
11. kahaaN maiKHaane ka darwaaza 'GHalib' aur kahaaN waaiz
par itana jaante haiN kal wo jaata tha ke ham nikle
[ waaiz = preacher/advisor ]
.........................................................................
1. ye jo ham hijr meiN deewaar-o-dar ko dekhte haiN
kabhee saba ko kabhee naamaabar ko dekhte haiN
[ hijr = separation, dar = door, saba = wind,
naamaabar = messanger ]
2. woh aaye ghar meiN hamaare KHuda ki kudrat hai
kabhee ham unko, kabhee apane ghar ko dekhte haiN
3. nazar lage na kaheeN uske dast-o-baazoo ko
ye log kyoN mere zaKHm-e-jigar ko dekhtaiN haiN ?
[ dast-o-baazoo = hands & shoulders ]
4. tere jawaahir-e-tarf-e-kulah ko kya dekhaiN ?
ham auj-e-taal'a-e-laal-o-guhar ko dekhte haiN
[ jawaahir = jewels, tarf = golden belt, kulah = crown,
auj = height/position, taal'a = luck, laal-o-guhar = diamonds
& pearls ]
..........................................................................
1. koee din gar zindagaanee aur hai
apne jee meiN hamne THaanee aur hai
2. aatish-e-dozaKH meiN ye garmee kahaaN
soz-e-GHam haay nihaanee aur hai
[ dozaKH = hell, soz = passion/heat, nihaanee = internal/hidden ]
3. baarha dekhee haiN unkee ranjishaiN
par kuchch ab ke sar_giraanee aur hai
[ sar_giraanee = pride ]
4. deke KHat muNh dekhta hai naamabar
kuchch to paiGHaam-e-zabaanee aur hai
[ naamabar = messenger ]
5. qaata-e-'amaar hai aksar nujoom
woh balaa-e-aasmaanee aur hai
[ qaata-e-'amaar = killers, nujoom = stars,
balaa-e-aasmaanee = natural calamity ]
6. ho chukeeN 'GHalib' balaayeN sab tamaam
ek marg-e-naagahaanee aur hai
[ balaayeN = calamities, marg = death, naagahaanee = sudden/
accidental ]
.............................................................................
1. aah ko chaahiye ik 'umr asar hone tak
kaun jeeta hai teree zulf ke sar hone tak ?
2. daam har mauj meiN hai halqa-e-sad_kaam-e-nahaNg
dekhaiN kya guzre hai qatre pe guhar hone tak
[ daam = net/trap, mauj = wave, halqa = ring/circle, sad = hundred,
nahaNg = crocadile, sad_kaam-e-nahaNg = crocadile with a hundred
jaws, guhar = pearl ]
3. aashiqee sabr talab aur tamanna betaab
dil ka kya rang karooN KHoon-e-jigar hone tak ?
[ sabr = patience, talab = search ]
4. ham ne maana ke taGHaful na karoge, lekin
KHaak ho jaayeNge ham tumko KHabar hone tak
[ taGHaful = neglect/ignore ]
5. partav-e-khur se hai shabnam ko fana'a ki taaleem
maiN bhee hooN ik inaayat ki nazar hone tak
[ partav-e-khur = sun's reflection/light/image, shabnam = dew,
fana'a = mortality, inaayat = favour ]
6. yak_nazar besh naheeN fursat-e-hastee GHaafil
garmi-e-bazm hai ik raqs-e-sharar hone tak
[ besh = too much/lots, fursat-e-hastee = duration of life,
GHaafil = careless, raqs = dance, sharar = flash/fire ]
7. GHam-e-hastee ka 'Asad' kis'se ho juz marg ilaaz
shamma'a har rang meiN jaltee hai sahar hone tak
[ hastee = life/existence, juz = other than, marg = death,
sahar = morning ]
............................................................................
1. meherabaaN hoke bula lo mujhe chaaho jis waqt
maiN gaya waqt naheeN hooN ke fir aa bhee na sakooN
2. zauf meiN taana-e-aGHayaar ka shikawa kya hai ?
baat kuchch sar to naheeN hai ke uTha bhee na sakooN
[ zauf = weakness, taana = taunt, aGHayaar = enemy,
shikawa = complaint ]
3. zehar milta hee naheeN mujhko sitamgar, warana
kya qasam hai tere milne kee, ke kha bhee na sakooN
[ sitamgar = oppressor ]
.........................................................................
1. baazeechaa-e-atfaal hai duniya mere aage
hota hai shab-o-roz tamaasha mere aage
[ baazeechaa = play/sport, atfaal = children ]
2. ik khel hai auraNg-e-sulemaaN mere nazdeek
ik baat hai 'eijaz-e-maseeha mere aage
[ auraNg = throne, 'eijaz = miracle ]
3. juz naam naheeN soorat-e-aalam mujhe manzoor
juz waham naheeN hastee-e-ashiya mere aage
[ juz = other than, aalam = world, hastee = existence,
ashiya = things/items ]
4. hota hai nihaaN gard meiN sehara mere hote
ghisata hai jabeeN KHaak pe dariya mere aage
[ nihaaN = hidden, gard = dust, sehara = desert, jabeeN = forehead ]
5. mat pooch ke kya haal hai mera tere peeche ?
too dekh ke kya rang tera mere aage
6. sach kahte ho, KHudbeen-o-KHud_aaraa na kyoN hooN ?
baiTha hai but-e-aainaa_seemaa mere aage
[ KHudbeen = proud/arrogant, KHud_aaraa = self adorer,
but = beloved, aainaa_seemaa = like the face of a mirror ]
7. fir dekhiye andaaz-e-gul_afshaani-e-guftaar
rakh de koee paimaanaa-o-sahba mere aage
[ gul_afshaanee = to scatter flowers, guftaar = speech/discourse,
sahaba = wine, esp. red wine ]
8. nafrat ka gumaaN guzare hai, maiN rashk se guzaraa
kyoN kar kahooN, lo naam na uska mere aage
[ gumaaN = doubt, rashk = envy ]
9. imaaN mujhe roke hai jo khiNche hai mujhe kufr
ka'aba mere peeche hai kaleesa mere aage
[ kufr = impiety, kaleesa = church/cathedral ]
10. aashiq hooN, pe maashooq_farebee hai mera kaam
majnooN ko bura kehti hai laila mere aage
[ farebee = a fraud/cheat ]
11. KHush hote haiN par wasl meiN yoN mar naheeN jaate
aayee shab-e-hijaraaN ki tamanna mere aage
[ hijr = separation ]
12. hai mauj_zan ik qulzum-e-KHooN, kaash, yahee ho
aata hai abhee dekhiye kya-kya mere aage
[ mauj_zan = exciting, qulzum = sea, KHooN = blood ]
13. go haath ko jumbish naheeN aaNhoN meiN to dam hai
rehne do abhee saaGHar-o-meena mere aage
[ jumbish = movement/vibration, saaGHar-o-meena = goblet ]
14. ham_pesha-o-ham_masharb-o-ham_raaz hai mera
'GHalib' ko bura kyoN kaho achchaa mere aage !
[ ham_pesha = of the same profession, ham_masharb = of the
same habits/a fellow boozer, ham_raaz = confidant ]
..........................................................................
1. fir kuchch is dil ko beqaraaree hai
seena zoya-e-zaKHm-e-kaaree hai
[ zoya = searcher, zaKHm-e-kaaree = deep wound ]
2. fir jigar khodane laga naaKHun
aamad-e-fasl-e-laala_qaaree hai
[ aamad = arrival, fasl = season/harvest ]
3. qibla-e-maqsad-e-nigaah-e-niyaaz
fir wahee parda-e-'amaaree hai
[ niyaaz = desire, 'amaaree = rider's seat with a canopy on an
elephant or camel ]
4. chashm-e-dallaal -e- jins-e-ruswaaee
dil KHareedaar-e-zauq-e-KHwaaree hai
[ chashm = eye, jins = things/items, zauq = taste ]
5. wohee sad_rang naala farsaayee
wohee sad_goona ashq_baaree hai
[ sad = hundred, naala farsaayee = lamenter, sad_goona = hundred
times, ashq_baaree = lamentation ]
6. dil hawa-e-KHiraam-e-naaz se fir
mahshristaan-e-beqaraaree hai
[ KHiraam = speed, mahshar = the last day/"qayaamat ka din",
mahshristaan = place of the last day ]
7. jalwa fir arz-e-naaz karta hai
roz-e-baazaar-e-jaaN_sipaaree hai
[ jalwa = splendour, jaaN_sipaaree = resigning one's life into
the hands of another ]
8. fir usee bewafa pe marte haiN
fir wohee zindagee hamaaree hai
9. fir khula hai dar-e-adaalat-e-naaz
garm baazaar-e-fauj_daaree hai
[ dar = abode, fauj_daaree = military court ]
10. ho raha hai jahaan meiN andher
zulf kee fir sarishta_daaree hai
[ sarishta_daaree = a regulator's position ]
11. fir kiya paara-e-jigar ne sawaal
ek fariyaad-o-aah-o-zaaree hai
[ paara = fragment ]
12. fir hue haiN gawaah-e-ishq talab
ashq_baaree ka hukm_zaaree hai
[ talab = search/desire/request, ashq_baaree = lamentation ]
13. dil-o-mizhgaaN ka jo muqadamaa tha
aaj fir uskee roob_qaaree hai
[ mizhgaaN = eyelids, roob_qaaree = to put the mind into work ]
14. be_KHudee be_sabab naheeN 'GHalib'
kuchch to hai jiskee pardaadaaree hai
[ be_KHudee = rapture, be_sabab = without any reason,
pardaadaaree = to hide, esp. fault ]
..........................................................................
1. rone se aur ishq meiN be_baak ho gaye
dhoye gaye ham 'eise ki bas paak ho gaye
[ be_baak = outspoken/bold, paak = pure/clean/holy ]
2. sarf-e-baha-e-mai hue aalaat-e-maikashee
the; ye hee do hisaab, so yoN paak ho gaye
[ sarf = expenditure, baha = value/price, mai = bar,
aalaat = instruments/apparatus, maikashee = boozing ]
3. ruswa-e-dahar go hue aawaargee se tum
baare tabeeyatoN ke to chaalaak ho gaye
[ dahar = world, baare = atlast ]
4. kehta hai kaun naala-e-bulbul ko be_asar
parde meiN gul ke laakh jigar chaak ho gaye
[ chaak = slit/torn ]
5. pooche hai kya wujood-o-adam 'ehl-e-shauq ka
aap apnee aag se KHas-o-KHaashaak ho gaye
[ wujood = existence, adam = non existence,
KHas-o-Khaashaak = destroyed ]
6. karne gaye the; usse taGHaaful ka ham gila
kee ek hee nigaah ki bas KHaak ho gaye
[ taGHaaful = negligence, gila = complaint, KHaak = dust/ashes ]
7. is DHang se uTHaayee kal usne 'Asad' ki laash
dushman bhee jisko dekhke GHamnaak ho gaye
[ GHamnaak = grief stricken ]
..........................................................................
1. woh firaaq aur woh wisaal kahaaN ?
woh shab-o-roz-o-maah-o-saal kahaaN ?
[ firaaq = separation, wisaal = meeting, shab = night,
roz = day, maah = month, saal = year ]
2. fursat-e-kaarobaar-e-shauq kise ?
zauq-e-nazzaraa-e-jamaal kahaaN ?
[ zauq = delight/joy, jamaal = beauty ]
3. dil to dil wo dimaaGH bhee na rahaa
shor-e-sauda-e-KHatt-o-KHaal kahaaN ?
4. thee woh ik shaKHs ke tasavvur se
ab woh raanaai-e-KHayaal kahaaN ?
[ tasavvur = imagination, raanaai-e-KHayaal = tender thoughts ]
5. 'eisa aasaaN naheeN lahoo rona
dil meiN taaqat jigar meiN haal kahaaN ?
[ haal = spiritual ecstasy ]
6. hamse chooTa qamaar_KHaana-e-ishq
waaN jo jawaiN, girah meiN maal kahaaN ?
[ qamaar_khaana = casino, girah = knot/joint ]
7. fikr-e-duniyaaN meiN sar khapaata hooN
maiN kahaaN aur ye wabaal kahaaN ?
[ wabaal = calamity ]
8. muzmahil ho gaye quwa'a 'GHalib'
wo anaasir meiN 'eitdaal kahaaN ?
[ muzmahil = exhausted/idle, quwa'a = limbs, anaasir = elements,
'eitdaal = moderation ]
........................................................................
1. ye na thee hamaaree qismat ke wisaal-e-yaar hota
agar aur jeete rehte yahee ...
know who the author is. I respect his work. I had saved it in a file and
I am posting this for benefit of all. The song 'Jaane kya doondhthi
rahti....' got interspersed somewhere in the file. My fault. I
apologise for that. Well, I hope you enjoy it.
Harish
Classical Definition of Ghazal
===============================
Ghazal in short, is a collection of Sher's which follow the rules of
'Matla', 'Maqta', 'Beher', 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'. So to know what
Ghazal is, it's necessary to know what these terms mean.
To understand these terms easily , we will take an example.
1. koi ummid bar nahin aati
koi surat nazar nahin aati
2. aage aati thi haale dil par hasi
ab kisi baat par nahin aati
3. hum wahan hain, jahan se humko bhi
kucch hamaari khabar nahin aati
4. kaabaa kis muh se jaaoge 'Ghalib'
sharm tumko magar nahin aati
What is a Sher ?
It's a poem of two lines. This definition is deceptively simple.
Please note that, every Sher is a poem in itself ! A Sher does not
need, anything around it, to convey the message.
All the 4 stanzas in our example are independent poems, Sher's.
So Ghazal is necessarily a collection of two-line-poems called Sher.
[ So the Rafi solo "rang aur noor ki baaraat kise pesh karu" is NOT
a Ghazal, as every stanza is of 3 lines, and not 2. ]
What are other restrictions ? Many, and important ones.
[ Any collection of Sher's is not Ghazal. Some good examples are ; the
famous Mukesh song from Yehoodi, "yeh mera deewaanaapan hai" ; and the
title song of "dil apana aur preet parayi". Each stanza in these songs
can be considered as an independent Sher, but they are NOT Ghazal's.
To understand, why, we have to wait till 'Kaafiyaa, 'Radif'. ]
What is 'Beher' ?
'Beher' is the 'meter' of the Sher's. It can be considered as the
length of the Sher. Both the lines in the Sher *MUST* be of
same 'Beher'. And all the Sher's in one Ghazal *MUST* be of the
same 'Beher'. There are 19 (!!) kinds of 'Beher'. But in simple terms,
'Beher' is categorized in 3 classes. Short, medium, long.
[ The examples in [] are my additions, from Hindi Films. ]
ahale dairo-haram reh gaye
tere deewane kam reh gaye
[ Also Talat song, "dil-e-nadan tuze hua kya hai" ]
umr jalwo me basar ho, ye zaruri to nahin
har shab-e-gam ki seher ho, ye zaruri to nahin
[ And by Gulzar, "ruke ruke se kadam, ruk ke baar baar chale" ]
ai mere humnashin, chal kahin aur chal, is chaman me ab apanaa guzaaraa nahin
baat hoti gulon ki, to seh lete hum, ab to kaaton pe bhi haq hamaaraa nahin
[ The filmfare winner, "Manzile apani jagah hai" !! Yes ! It IS a Ghazal.
And the Shayar is Prakash Mehra !! surprise , surprise !! ]
So Ghazal is a collection of Sher's of SAME 'Beher'.
What is 'Radif' ?
In a Ghazal, second line of all the Sher's *MUST* end with the *SAME*
word/s. This repeating common words is the 'Radif' of the Ghazal.
In our example, the 'Radif' is "nahin aati".
[ Sometimes, the Ghazal becomes known by its 'Radif'. eg. "jaraa
aahista chal" sung by Pankaj Udhas. On RMIM we all know one Ghazal by
the 'Radif' as "aahista aahista", don't we ? or is it 2 or 3 ? :-) ]
What is 'Kaafiyaa' ?
'Kaafiyaa' is the rhyming pattern which all the words before 'Radif'
*MUST* have.
In our example the 'Kaafiyaa' is "bar", "nazar", "par", "magar" etc.
This is a necessary requirement. Something which is followed even in
the exceptions to all these rules.
So Ghazal is a collection of Sher's of same 'Beher', ending in same
'Radif' and having same 'Kaafiyaa'.
[ That's the reason, why "yeh mera diwanapan hai" etc. are NOT Ghazals.
There is no common thing which can be called 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'. ]
What is 'Matla' ?
The first Sher in the Ghazal *MUST* have 'Radif' in its both lines.
This Sher is called 'Matla' of the Ghazal and the Ghazal is usually
known after its 'Matla'. There can be more than one 'Matla' in a
Ghazal. In such a case the second one is called 'Matla-e-saani' or
'Husn-e-matla'.
In our example, the first Sher is the 'Matla'.
What is 'Maqta' ?
A Shayar usually has an alias ie. 'takhallus' eg. Mirza Asadullakhan
used 'Ghalib' as his 'takhallus' and is known by that. Other examples
are 'Daag' Dehlvi, 'Mir' Taqi Mir, Said 'Rahi', Ahmed 'Faraz' etc.
There is a Sher in a Ghazal, the last one, which has the Shayar's
'takhallus' in it.
[ A Shayar, can use the 'Maqta' very intelligently. He can "talk to
himself" like one in our example. I have lots of favourite Sher's
which are 'Maqta' of some Ghazal. Some gems are
koi nam-o-nishan puchhe to ai kaasid bataa denaa,
takhallus 'Daag' hai, aur aahiqon ke dil me rehte hai
and
jab bhi milte hain, to kehte hain, "kaise ho 'Shakil'",
iske aage to koi baat nahin hoti hai
The first one uses the meaning of the 'takhallus' to create the
magic, and the second one is just simple, simply beautiful. ]
To summarize, Ghazal is a collection of Sher's (independent two-line
poems), in which there is atleast one 'Matla', one 'Maqta' and all
the Sher's are of same 'Beher' and have the same 'Kaafiyaa' and
'Radif'.
EXCEPTIONS AND IMP. POINTS TO NOTE
==================================
1. Ghazal is just a form. It is independent of any language.
eg. in Marathi also, there can be (and there are) good Ghazals.
2. Some Ghazal's do NOT have any 'Radif'. Rarely. Such Ghazal's
are called "gair-muraddaf" Ghazal.
3. Although, every Sher, should be an independent poem in itself,
it is possible, that all the Sher's are on the same theme. What
famous example can be other than "chupke chupke raat din aasun
bahaanaa yaad hai".
4. In modern Urdu poetry, there are lots of Ghazal's which do
NOT follow the restriction of same 'Beher' on both the lines
of Sher. [ My example in 'Maqta', the Sher by Shakil, is one. ]
But even in these Ghazal's, 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif' are present.
5. The restriction of 'Maqta' is really very loose. Many many
Ghazal's do NOT have any 'Maqta'. [ I think 'Maqta' was used in
the earlier times, as a way to keep the credit. But since this is
traditional, many Ghazal's do have a 'Maqta' just for the sake of it.
Sometimes the name of the Shayar comes unnaturally in the last
Sher of the Ghazal. ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
So that's my long essay on Ghazal :-)
I hope it helps in clearing some doubts, and I also hope
that atleast for some, the information was interesting and new.
- Abhay.
Ghazal rudaad hai naakaamiyon ki,
Ghazal mehrumiyon ki daastaan hai |
Ghazal riste hue zakhmon ka marham,
Ghazal ek chaaraa-e-dard-e-nihan hai |
Ghazal ka husn hi hai, husn-e-aalam,
Ghazal ka noor hi noor-e-jahan hai |
- Jagdish Bhatnagar 'Hayaat'
Jane Kya Dhoondti Rehti Hai Yeh Aankhen Mujh Men
Raakh Ke Dher Men Shola Hai Na Chingari Hai
Ab Na Woh Pyar Na Us Pyar Ki Yaaden Baaki
Aag Yun Dil Men Lagi Kuchh Na Raha, Kuchh Na Bacha
Jiski Tasveer Nigahon Men Liye Baithi Ho
Main Woh Dildaar Nahin, Uski Hoon Khamosh Chita
(Jane Kya...)
Zindagi Hanske Guzarti To Bahut Achha Tha
Khair Hanske Na Sahi Roke Guzar Jayegi
Raakh Barbaad Mohabbat Ki Bacha Rakkhi Hai
Baar-Baar Isko Jo Chheda To Bikhar Jayegi
(Jane Kya...)
-this is my favorite stanza-
Aarzoo Jurm, Wafa Jurm, Tamanna Hai Gunaah (2X)
Yeh Woh Duniya Hai Jahan Pyar Nahin Ho Sakta
Kaise Baazaar Ka Dastoor Tumhen Samjhaoon
Bik Gaya Jo Woh Khareedaar Nahin Ho Sakta
Bik Gaya Jo, Woh Khareedaar Nahin Ho Sakta...
............................................................................
GHALIB - GHAZALS
............................................................................
A note on pronunciation
-----------------------
(a) Vowel pronunciation key.
'a' as 'u' in cut
'aa' as 'a' in car
'i' as 'i' in fit
'ee' as 'ee' in feel
'u' as 'u' in put
'oo' as 'oo' in pool
'e' as 'e' in bed
'ai' as 'ei' in neighbour
'o' as 'o' in mode
'au' as 'ow' in how
(b) Words ending with an 'a' should be pronounced as 'a' in 'car'.
Examples : 'kya' = what
'nateeja' = result
Examples : 'GH' as in 'GHam' = sorrow
'KH' as in 'KHayaal' = thought
Examples : 'maiN' = me
'meiN' = in
'aasmaaN' = sky
(i) 'i' and 'ee'
Examples : 'nigaah' = sight
'nishaan' = mark/sign
'teer' = arrow
'hakeem' = physician/doctor
(ii) 'k' and 'q'
Examples : 'shauq' = fondness/desire
'qaabil' = worthy
'kamar' = waist
'KHaak' = dust/ashes
(iii) small and capital letters
Examples : 't' as 't' in with
'T' as 't' in metal
...........................................................................
1. har ek baat pe kehte ho tum ke 'too kya hai' ?
tumheeN kaho ke yeh andaaz-e-guftgoo kya hai ?
[ guftgoo = conversation ]
2. na shole meiN yeh karishma na barq meiN yeh ada
koee batao ki woh shoKH-e-tund_KHoo kya hai ?
[ barq = lightning, tund = sharp/angry, KHoo = behavior ]
3. yeh rashk hai ki wo hota hai ham_suKHan tumse
wagarna KHauf-e-bad_aamozi-e-adoo kya hai ?
[ rashk = jealousy, ham_suKHan = to speak together/to agree,
KHauf = fear, bad = bad/wicked, aamozee = education/teaching,
adoo = enemy ]
4. chipak raha hai badan par lahoo se pairaahan
hamaaree jeb ko ab haajat-e-rafoo kya hai ?
[ pairaahan = shirt/robe/cloth, haajat = need/necessity,
rafoo = mending/darning ]
5. jalaa hai jicm jahaaN dil bhee jal gaya hoga
kuredate ho jo ab raakh, justjoo kya hai ?
[ justjoo = desire ]
6. ragoN meiN dauDte firne ke ham naheeN qaayal
jab aaNkh hee se na Tapka to fir lahoo kya hai ?
7. woh cheez jiske liye hamko ho bahisht azeez
siwaay baada-e-gul_faam-e-mushkaboo kya hai ?
[ bahisht (or bihisht, both are correct) = heaven, baada = wine,
gul_faam = delicate and fragrant like flowers, mushkaboo = like
the smell of musk ]
8. piyooN sharaab agar KHum bhee dekh looN do chaar
yeh sheesha-o-qadah-o-kooza-o-suboo kya hai ?
[ KHum = wine barrel, qadah = goblet, kooza/suboo = wine pitcher ]
9. rahee na taaqat-e-guftaar, aur agar ho bhee
to kis ummeed pe kahiye ke aarzoo kya hai ?
[ guftaar = speech/discourse ]
10. huaa hai shaah ka musaahib, fire hai itaraata
wagarna shehar meiN 'GHalib' kee aabroo kya hai ?
[ musaahib = comrade/associate ]
............................................................................
1. husn-e-mah, garche ba_haNgaam-e-kamaal achcha hai
us'se mera mah-e-KHursheed-e-jamaal achcha hai
[ mah = moon, KHursheed = sun, jamaal = beauty ]
2. bosa dete naheeN aur dil pe hai har lahja nigaah
jee meiN kehte haiN, muft aaye to maal achcha hai
[ bosa = kiss ]
3. aur baazaar se le aaye agar TooT gaya
saaGHar-e-jam se mera jaam-e-sifaal achcha hai
[ saaGHar-e-jam = Badshah Jamshed's cup, jaam-e-sifaal = clay cup ]
4. be_talab daiN to maza usme siwa milta hai
woh gada jisko na ho KHoo-e-sawaal achcha hai
[ be_talab = without any enquiry, gada = beggar, KHoo = habit ]
5. unke dekhe se jo aa jaatee hai muNh par raunaq
woh samajhte haiN ke beemaar ka haal achcha hai
6. dekhiye paate haiN ushshaaq butoN se kya faiz ?
ik birahaman ne kaha hai, ke yeh saal achcha hai
[ ushshaaq = lovers, faiz = profit ]
7. ham_suKHan teshe ne farhaad ko sheereeN se kiya
jis tarah ka bhee kisee meiN ho kamaal achcha hai
[ ham_suKHan = together, tesha = axe ]
8. qatra dariya meiN jo mil jaaye to dariya ho jaaye
kaam achchaa hai woh, jiska ma'aal achcha hai
[ ma'aal = result ]
9. KHijr SultaaN ko rakhe KHaaliq-e-akbar sar_sabz
shaah ke baaGH meiN yeh taaza nihaal achcha hai
[ KHijr SultaaN = one of Badshah Zafar's son, KHaaliq = The Creator/
God, akbar = greatest, sar_sabz = fertile, nihaal = tree ]
10. hamko ma'aloom hai jannat ki haqeeqat lekin
dil ke KHush rakhne ko, 'GHalib' yeh KHayaal achcha hai
...........................................................................
1. GHair leiN mehfil meiN bose jaam ke
ham rahaiN yooN tishna_lab paiGHaam ke
[ bosa = kiss, tishna = thirsty ]
2. KHastagee ka tumse kya shikwa ki ye
hathkanDe haiN charKH-e-neelee_faam ke
[ KHastagee = injury/sickness, shikawa = complaint,
hathkanDe = tactics, charKH = sky, neelee_faam = blue colour/
complexion ]
3. KHat likhenge garche matlab kuchch na ho
ham to aashiq haiN tumhaare naam ke
4. raat pee zamzam pe mai aur subh_dam
dhoye dhab'be jaam-e-'eharaam ke
[ zamzam = a well in Kaba whose water is considered holy,
mai = wine, subh_dam = at dawn, 'eharaam = dress for 'haj' ]
5. dil ko aaNkhoN ne fasaaya kya magar
ye bhee halqe haiN tumhaare daam ke
[ halqa = ring/circle, daam = net/trap ]
6. shaah ke haiN GHusl-e-sehat ko KHabar
dekhiye kab din fireiN hammaam ke
[ GHusl = bath, sehat = health, hammaam = a hot bath where a masseur
gives massage and bath ]
7. ishq ne 'GHalib' nikamma kar diya
warna ham bhee aadmee the; kaam ke
.............................................................................
1. naqsh fariyaadee hai kiskee shoKHee-e-tehreer ka
kaaGHazee hai pairhan har paikar-e-tasweer ka
[ naqsh = copy/print, fariyaad = complaint, tehreer = hand
writing, kaaGHazee = delicate, pairhan = dress,
paikar = appearance ]
2. kaave-kaave saKHt_jaanee haay tanhaaee na pooch
subah karna shaam ka laana hai joo-e-sheer ka
[ kaave-kaave = hard work, saKHt_jaanee = tough life,
joo = canal/stream, sheer = milk, joo-e-sheer = to create a
canal of milk, here means to perform an impossible task ]
3. jazba-e-be_iKHtiyaar-e-shauq dekha chaahiye
seena-e-shamsheer se baahar hai dam shamsheer ka
[ iKHtiyaar = authority/power, shamsheer = sword ]
4. aagahee daam-e-shuneedan jis qadar chaahe bichaaye
mudda'a 'anqa hai apne aalam-e-taqreer ka
[ aagahee = knowledge/intution, daam = net/trap,
shuneed = conversation, 'anqa = rare, aalam = world/universe,
taqreer = speech/discourse ]
5. bus ke hooN 'GHalib' aseeree meiN bhee aatish zer-e-pa
moo-e-aatish_deeda hai halqa meree zanjeer ka
[ aseeree = imprisonment/captivity, zer-e-pa = under the feet,
moo = hair, aatish_deeda = roasted on fire, halqa = ring/circle ]
............................................................................
1. kabhee nekee bhee uske jee meiN gar aa jaaye hai mujhse
jafaayeN karke apnee yaad sharma jaaye hai mujhse
[ jafaayeN = opression/tyranny of a beloved ]
2. KHudaaya ! jazbaa-e-dil kee magar taaseer ulTee hai
ki jitna khiNtchataa hooN aur khiNtchtaa jaaye hai mujhse
[ jazbaa-e-dil = emotions, taaseer = impression ]
3. woh bad_KHoo aur meree daastan-e-ishq tulaanee
ibaarat muKHtasar, qaasid bhee ghabra jaaye hai mujhse
[ bad_KHoo = bad habits, tulaanee = long, ibaarat = diction/
admonishing, muKHtasar = concise, qaasid = messenger ]
4. udhar woh bad_GHumaanee hai, idhar yeh naatavaanee hai
na poocha jaaye hai us'se, na bola jaaye hai mujhse
[ badGHumaanee = suspicion, naatavaanee = weakness ]
5. sambhalne de mujhe 'ei na_ummidee kya qayaamat hai
ki daamaan-e-KHayaal-e-yaar chooTa jaaye hai mujhse
6. takalluf bartaraf nazzaaragee meiN bhee sahi, lekin
woh dekha jaaye, kab ye zulm dekha jaaye hai mujhse
[ taqalluf = hesitation/formality, bartaraf = suspend ]
7. hue haiN paaNv hee pehle nabard-e-ishq meiN zaKHmee
na bhaaga jaaye hai mujhse, na Thehra jaaye hai mujhse
[ nabard-e-ishaq = struggle in love ]
8. qayaamat hai ke howe muddaee ka ham_safar 'GHalib'
woh kaafir, jo KHuda ko bhee na sauNpa jaaye hai mujhse
.......................................................................
1. dil se teree nigaah jigar tak utar gayee
donoN ko ik adaa meiN razaamand kar gayee
2. shaq ho gaya hai seena, KHushee lazzat-e-firaaq
takleef-e-pardaadaari-e-zaKHm-e-jigar gayee
[ shaq = crack/split, firaaq = separation,
pardaadaaree = to hide, esp. fault ]
3. woh baada-e-shabaana kee sar mastiyaaN kahaaN ?
uThiye bas ab ki lazzat-e-KHwaab-e-sahar gayee
[ baada = wine, shabaana = night, sahar = morning ]
4. uDtee fire hai KHaak meree koo-e-yaar se
baare ab 'ei hawa, hawas-e- baal-o-par gayee
[ baare = at last, koo-e-yaar = lover's street ]
5. dekhooN to dil_farebi-e-andaaz-e-naqsh-e-pa
mauj-e-KHiraam-e-yaar bhee kya gul katar gayee
[ dil_fareb = heart alluring, naqsh = copy/print, pa = leg,
mauj = wave/enjoyment, KHiraam = speed ]
6. har bulhawas ne husn_parastee shiaar kee
ab aabru-e-sheva-e-'ehl-e-nazar gayee
[ bulhawas = greedy, husn_parastee = to appreciate beauty,
shiaar = habit, aabru = respect/honour, sheva = manner/habit ]
7. nazzaare ne bhee kaam kiya waaN naqaab ka
mastee se har nigaah tere ruKH par bikhar gayee
8. farda-o-dee ka tafarqa yak baar mit gaya
kal tum gaye ke ham pe qayaamat guzar gayee
[ farda = yesterday, dee = tomorrow, tafarqa = difference ]
9. maara zamaane ne 'Asadullah KHaaN' tumhe
woh walwale kahaaN, woh jawaanee kidhar gayee ?
[ walwale = enthusiasm ]
......................................................................
1. miltee hai KHoo-e-yaar se naar iltihaab meiN
kaafir hooN gar na miltee ho raahat 'azaab meiN
[ KHoo-e-yaar = lover's nature/behavior/habit, naar = fire,
iltihaab = flame, 'azaab = sorrow ]
2. kab se hooN, kya bataaooN jahaan-e-KHaraab meiN ?
shab haaye hijr ko bhee rakhooN gar hisaab meiN
[ jahaan-e-KHaraab = world of problems, shab = night,
hijr = separation ]
3. taa fir na intezaar meiN neeNd aaye 'umr bhar
aane ka 'ahad kar gaye aaye jo KHwaab meiN
[ taa = so that, 'ahad = promise ]
4. qaasid ke aate-aate KHat ik aur likh rakhooN
maiN jaanta hooN jo woh likhenge jawaab meiN
[ qaasid = messenger ]
5. mujh tak kab unkee bazm meiN aata tha daur-e-jaam
saaqee ne kuchch mila na diya ho sharaab meiN
[ bazm = meeting/"mehafil", saaqee = bar tender ]
6. jo munkir-e-wafa ho fareb us pe kya chale ?
kyooN badGHumaaN hooN dost se dushman ke baab meiN ?
[ munkir-e-wafa = one who denies loyalty, fareb = illusion/fraud
badGHumaaN = suspicious, baab = company ]
7. maiN muztarib hooN wasl meiN KHauf-e-raqeeb se
Daala hai tumko weham ne kis pech-o-taab meiN
[ muztarib = anxious/disturbed, wasl = meeting with the lover,
KHauf = fear, raqeeb = opponent, pech-o-taab = predicament ]
8. mai aur haz'z-e-wasl, KHudaa_saaz baat hai
jaaN nazr denee bhool gaya iztiraab meiN
[ mai = bar, haz'z-e-wasl = joy of meeting, KHudaa_saaz = god's gift,
iztiraab = anxiety ]
9. hai tevaree chaDee huee andar naqaab ke
hai ik shikan paDee huee tarf-e-naqaab meiN
[ shikan = wrinkle, tarf = eyelid ]
10. laakhauN lagaav, ik churaana nigaah ka
laakhauN banaav, ik bigaaDna itaab meiN
[ itaab = anger ]
11. woh naala_dil meiN KHas ke baraabar jagah na paaye
jis naale se shigaaf paDe aaftaab meiN
[ naala_dil = crying heart, KHas = hay/grass, shigaaf = crack,
aaftaab = sun/face ]
12. woh sehar muddaa talbee meiN na kaam aaye
jis sehar se safina ravaaN ho saraab meiN
[ sehar = magic, muddaa talbee = fulfillment of a desire,
safina = boat, ravaaN = move, saraab = mirage ]
13. 'GHalib' chutee sharaab, par ab bhee kabhee-kabhee
peeta hooN roz-e-abr -o- shab-e-maahtaab meiN
[ abr = clouds, roz-e-abr = cloudy day, maahtaab = moon ]
.......................................................................
1. daayam paDa huaa tere dar par naheeN hooN maiN
KHaak 'eisee zindagee pe ke patthar naheeN hooN maiN
[ daayam = always ]
2. kyooN gardish-e-mudaam se ghabra na jaaye dil ?
insaan hooN, pyaala-o-saaGHar naheeN hooN maiN
[ gardish = bad time/luck, mudaam = always ]
3. yaarab ! zamaana mujhko miTaata hai kis liye ?
loh-e-jahaaN pe harf-e-muqarrar naheeN hooN maiN
[ harf = alphabet, muqarrar = again ]
4. had chaahiye saza meiN uqoobat ke waaste
aaKHir gunaahagaar hooN, kaafir naheeN hooN maiN
[ uqoobat = pain ]
5. kis waaste 'azeez naheeN jaante mujhe ?
laal-o-zumarrud-o-zar-o-gauhar naheeN hooN maiN
[ laal = a kind of gem, zumurrud = green colored gem,
zar = gold, gauhar = gem ]
6. rakhte ho tum qadam meree aaNkhoN se kya dareGH
rutbe meiN mehar-o-maah se kamtar naheeN hooN maiN
[ dareGH = regret/grief, mehar = sun, maah = moon ]
7. karte ho mujhko man'a-e-qadam_bos kis liye ?
kya aasmaan ke bhee baraabar naheeN hooN maiN ?
[ bosa = kiss ]
8. 'GHalib' wazifaa_KHwaar ho, do shaah ko duaa
woh din gaye ki kehte the;, "naukar naheeN hooN maiN"
[ wazifaa_KHawaar = pensioner ]
......................................................................
1. dil-e-naadaaN tujhe huaa kya hai ?
aaKHir is dard kee dawa kya hai
2. ham haiN mushtaaq aur woh bezaar
ya ilaahee ! yeh maajra kya hai ?
[ mushtaaq = interested, bezaar = displeased/sick of ]
3. maiN bhee muNh meiN zabaan rakhta hooN
kaash ! poocho ki "muddaa kya hai" ?
4. jab ki tujh bin naheeN koee maujood
fir ye hangaama, 'ei KHuda ! kya hai
5. ye paree chehara log kaise haiN ?
GHamza-o-ishwa-o-'adaa kya hai ?
[ paree chehara = angel faced, GHamza = amorous glance,
ishwa = coquetry ]
6. shikan-e-zulf-e-ambaree kyoN hai ?
nigah-e-chashm-e-soorma sa kya hai ?
[ shikan = wrinkel/fold, ambaree = fragrance, chashm = eye ]
7. sabja-o-gul kahaaN se aaye haiN ?
abr kya cheez hai, hawa kya hai ?
[ abr = clouds ]
8. hamko unse wafa ki hai ummeed
jo naheeN jaante wafa kya hai
9. "haaN bhala kar tera bhala hoga"
aur darvesh kee sada kya hai ?
[ darvesh = beggar, sada = voice ]
10. jaan tum par nisaar karta hooN
maiN naheeN jaanata duaa kya hai
11. maiNe maana ki kuchch naheeN 'GHalib'
muft haath aaye to bura kya hai ?
..........................................................................
1. woh aake KHwaab meiN taskeen-e-iztiraab to de
wale mujhe tapish-e-dil, mazaal-e-KHwaab to de
[ taskeen = satisfaction, iztiraab = anxiety, tapish = burn/passion,
mazaal = strength ]
2. kare hai qatl lagaawat meiN tera ro dena
teree tarah koee teGH-e-nigah ko aab to de
[ lagaawat = affection, tegh = sword, aab = cool ]
3. dikhaake jumbish-e-lab hee tamaam kar hamko
na de jo bosa, to muNh se kaheeN jawaab to de
[ jumbish = motion/vibration, bosa = kiss ]
4. pila de oak se saaqee jo hamse nafrat hai
pyaala gar naheeN deta na de, sharaab to de
[ oak = palm of the hand contracted so as to hold water ]
5. 'Asad' KHushee se mere haath paaNv phool gaye
kaha jo usne zara mere paaNv daab to de
..........................................................................
1. ghar jab bana liya hai tere dar par kahe baGHair
jaanega ab bhee too na mera ghar kahe baGHair
2. kehte haiN, jab rahee na mujhe taaqat-e-suKHan
jaanooN kisee ke dil ki maiN kyoNkar kahe baGHair
[ taaqat-e-suKHan = strength to speak ]
3. kaam us'se aa paDa hai ki jiska jahaan meiN
lewe na koee naam 'sitamgar' kahe baGHair
[ sitamgar = oppressor ]
4. jee meiN hee kuchch naheeN hai hamaare, wagarna ham
sar jaaye ya rahe, na rahaiN par kahe baGHair
5. choDooNga maiN na us but-e-kaafir ka poojna
choDe na KHalq go mujhe kaafir kahe baGHair
[ but = idol/lover, KHalq = world ]
6. maqsad hai naaz-o-GHamza, wale guftagoo meiN kaam
chalta naheeN hai, dashna-o-KHanjar kahe baGHair
[ GHamza = amorous glance, dashna = dagger ]
7. har chand ho mushaahit-e-haq ki guftagoo
bantee naheeN hai baada-o-saaGHar kahe baGHair
[ mushaahit = God, baada = wine ]
8. behra hooN maiN to chaahiye doona ho iltafaat
sunta naheeN hooN baat muqarrar kahe baGHair
[ iltafaat = mercy, muqarrar = again ]
9. 'GHalib' na kar huzoor meiN too baar-baar 'arz
zaahir hai tera haal sab un par kahe baGHair
...........................................................................
1. shauq har rang raqeeb-e-sar-o-saamaaN niklaa
qais tasveer ke parde meiN bhee uriyaaN niklaa
[ raqeeb = opponent, sar-o-saamaaN = with belongings,
qais = 'majanooN', uriyaaN = nude ]
2. zaKHm ne daad na dee, tangee-e-dil ki yaarab !
teer bhee seena-e-bismil se par_afshaaN niklaa
[ daad = justice, seena-e-bismil = wounded heart, par = wings,
afshaaN = rattle ]
3. boo-e-gul, naala-e-dil, dood-e-charaaGH-e-mehfil
jo teree bazm se nikla, so parishaaN niklaa
[ boo = fragrance, gul = flower, naalaa = cry, dood = smoke, esp.
from a lamp that's been extinguished ]
4. thee nau_aamoz_fana'a himmat-e-dushwaar_pasand
saKHt mushkil hai ki yah kaam bhee aasaaN nikla
[ nau_aamoz = beginner, dushwaar = difficult ]
5. dil meiN fir giryaaN ne ik shor uThaaya 'GHalib'
aah jo qatra na nikla tha, so toofaaN nikla
[ giryaaN = weeping, qatra = drop ]
...........................................................................
1. 'arz-e-niyaaz-e-ishq ke qaabil naheeN raha
jis dil pe naaz tha mujhe wo dil naheeN raha
[ niyaaz = desire/an offering ]
2. jaata hooN daaGH-e-hasarat-e-hastee liye hue
hooN shamma'a_kushta darKHur-e-mehfil naheeN raha
[ hastee = life/existence, shamma'a_kushta = extinguished lamp,
darKHur = worthy ]
3. marne ki 'ei dil aur hee tadabeer kar ki maiN
shaayaan-e-dast-o-baazu-e-qaatil naheeN rahaa
[ tadabeer = solution/remedy, shaayaan = worthy, dast = hand,
baazoo = shoulder ]
4. bararoo-e-shash jihat dar-e-aaina_baaz hai
yaaN imtiaz-e-naakis-o-qaamil naheeN rahaa
[ bararoo = in front, shash = six, jihat = direction,
imtiaz = distinction, naakis = cunning, qaamil = intelligent ]
5. waa kar diye haiN shauq ne band-e-naqaab-e-husn
GHair_az nigaah ab koee haayal naheeN raha
[ waa = open, GHair_az = other than, haayal = obstacle ]
6. go maiN raha, rahee na sitam haaye rozgaar
lekin tere KHayaal se GHaafil naheeN raha
[ sitam = oppression, GHaafil = unaware/careless ]
7. dil se hawa-e-kisht-e-wafa miT gayee ki waaN
haasil siwaay hasrat-e-haasil naheeN raha
8. bedaad-e-ishq se naheeN Darta magar 'Asad'
jis dil pe naaz tha mujhe wo dil naheeN raha
[ bedaad = injustice ]
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1. na tha kuchch to KHuda tha, kuchch na hota to KHuda hota
duboya mujhko hone ne, na hota maiN to kya hota ?
2. huaa jab GHam se yooN behis to GHam kya sar ke kaTne ka
na hota gar juda tan se to zaanooN par dhaRa hota
[ behis = shocked/stunned, zaanooN = knee ]
3. huee muddat ke 'GHalib' mar gaya par yaad aata hai
wo har ek baat pe kehana, ke yooN hota to kya hota ?
[ muddat = duration/period ]
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1. hazaaroN KHwahishaiN 'eisee ke har KHwahish pe dam nikle
bohot nikle mere armaaN lekin fir bhee kam nikle
2. Dare kyooN mera qaatil kya rahega uskee gardan par
wo KHooN, jo chashm-e-tar se 'umr bhar yooN dam_ba_dam nikle
[ KHooN = blood, chashm = eye, tar = wet, dam_ba_dam = continously ]
3. nikalna KHuld se aadam ka sunte aayaiN haiN lekin
bohot be_aabru hokar tere kooche se ham nikle
[ KHuld = heaven, be_aabaru = disgrace, koocha = street ]
4. bharam khul jaaye zaalim tere qaamat ki daraazee ka
agar is turra-e-pur_pech-o-KHam ka pech-o-KHam nikle
[ daraazee = length/delay, qaamat = stature, turra = an ornamental
tassel worn in the turban, pech-o-KHam = curls in the
hair/complexity ]
5. magar likhwaaye koee usko KHat, to hamse likhawaaye
huee subah aur ghar se kaan par rakhkar qalam nikle
6. huee is daur meiN mansoob mujhse baada_aashaamee
fir aaya wo zamaana, jo jahaaN se jaam-e-jam nikle
[ mansoob = association, baada_aashaamee = association with
drinking ]
7. huee jinse tavaqqo KHastagee kee daad paane kee
wo hamse bhee ziyaada KHasta-e-teGH-e-sitam nikle
[ tavaqqo = expectation, KHastagee = weakness, daad = justice,
KHasta = broken/sick/injured, teGH = sword, sitam = cruelity ]
8. mohabbat meiN naheeN hai farq jeene aur marne kaa
usee ko dekh kar jeete haiN jis kaafir pe dam nikle
9. zara kar jor seene par ki teer-e-pursitam nikle
jo wo nikle to dil nikle, jo dil nikle to dam nikle
10. KHuda ke waaste parda na kaabe se uThaa zaalim
kaheeN 'eisa na ho yaaN bhee wohee kaafir sanam nikle
11. kahaaN maiKHaane ka darwaaza 'GHalib' aur kahaaN waaiz
par itana jaante haiN kal wo jaata tha ke ham nikle
[ waaiz = preacher/advisor ]
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1. ye jo ham hijr meiN deewaar-o-dar ko dekhte haiN
kabhee saba ko kabhee naamaabar ko dekhte haiN
[ hijr = separation, dar = door, saba = wind,
naamaabar = messanger ]
2. woh aaye ghar meiN hamaare KHuda ki kudrat hai
kabhee ham unko, kabhee apane ghar ko dekhte haiN
3. nazar lage na kaheeN uske dast-o-baazoo ko
ye log kyoN mere zaKHm-e-jigar ko dekhtaiN haiN ?
[ dast-o-baazoo = hands & shoulders ]
4. tere jawaahir-e-tarf-e-kulah ko kya dekhaiN ?
ham auj-e-taal'a-e-laal-o-guhar ko dekhte haiN
[ jawaahir = jewels, tarf = golden belt, kulah = crown,
auj = height/position, taal'a = luck, laal-o-guhar = diamonds
& pearls ]
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1. koee din gar zindagaanee aur hai
apne jee meiN hamne THaanee aur hai
2. aatish-e-dozaKH meiN ye garmee kahaaN
soz-e-GHam haay nihaanee aur hai
[ dozaKH = hell, soz = passion/heat, nihaanee = internal/hidden ]
3. baarha dekhee haiN unkee ranjishaiN
par kuchch ab ke sar_giraanee aur hai
[ sar_giraanee = pride ]
4. deke KHat muNh dekhta hai naamabar
kuchch to paiGHaam-e-zabaanee aur hai
[ naamabar = messenger ]
5. qaata-e-'amaar hai aksar nujoom
woh balaa-e-aasmaanee aur hai
[ qaata-e-'amaar = killers, nujoom = stars,
balaa-e-aasmaanee = natural calamity ]
6. ho chukeeN 'GHalib' balaayeN sab tamaam
ek marg-e-naagahaanee aur hai
[ balaayeN = calamities, marg = death, naagahaanee = sudden/
accidental ]
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1. aah ko chaahiye ik 'umr asar hone tak
kaun jeeta hai teree zulf ke sar hone tak ?
2. daam har mauj meiN hai halqa-e-sad_kaam-e-nahaNg
dekhaiN kya guzre hai qatre pe guhar hone tak
[ daam = net/trap, mauj = wave, halqa = ring/circle, sad = hundred,
nahaNg = crocadile, sad_kaam-e-nahaNg = crocadile with a hundred
jaws, guhar = pearl ]
3. aashiqee sabr talab aur tamanna betaab
dil ka kya rang karooN KHoon-e-jigar hone tak ?
[ sabr = patience, talab = search ]
4. ham ne maana ke taGHaful na karoge, lekin
KHaak ho jaayeNge ham tumko KHabar hone tak
[ taGHaful = neglect/ignore ]
5. partav-e-khur se hai shabnam ko fana'a ki taaleem
maiN bhee hooN ik inaayat ki nazar hone tak
[ partav-e-khur = sun's reflection/light/image, shabnam = dew,
fana'a = mortality, inaayat = favour ]
6. yak_nazar besh naheeN fursat-e-hastee GHaafil
garmi-e-bazm hai ik raqs-e-sharar hone tak
[ besh = too much/lots, fursat-e-hastee = duration of life,
GHaafil = careless, raqs = dance, sharar = flash/fire ]
7. GHam-e-hastee ka 'Asad' kis'se ho juz marg ilaaz
shamma'a har rang meiN jaltee hai sahar hone tak
[ hastee = life/existence, juz = other than, marg = death,
sahar = morning ]
............................................................................
1. meherabaaN hoke bula lo mujhe chaaho jis waqt
maiN gaya waqt naheeN hooN ke fir aa bhee na sakooN
2. zauf meiN taana-e-aGHayaar ka shikawa kya hai ?
baat kuchch sar to naheeN hai ke uTha bhee na sakooN
[ zauf = weakness, taana = taunt, aGHayaar = enemy,
shikawa = complaint ]
3. zehar milta hee naheeN mujhko sitamgar, warana
kya qasam hai tere milne kee, ke kha bhee na sakooN
[ sitamgar = oppressor ]
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1. baazeechaa-e-atfaal hai duniya mere aage
hota hai shab-o-roz tamaasha mere aage
[ baazeechaa = play/sport, atfaal = children ]
2. ik khel hai auraNg-e-sulemaaN mere nazdeek
ik baat hai 'eijaz-e-maseeha mere aage
[ auraNg = throne, 'eijaz = miracle ]
3. juz naam naheeN soorat-e-aalam mujhe manzoor
juz waham naheeN hastee-e-ashiya mere aage
[ juz = other than, aalam = world, hastee = existence,
ashiya = things/items ]
4. hota hai nihaaN gard meiN sehara mere hote
ghisata hai jabeeN KHaak pe dariya mere aage
[ nihaaN = hidden, gard = dust, sehara = desert, jabeeN = forehead ]
5. mat pooch ke kya haal hai mera tere peeche ?
too dekh ke kya rang tera mere aage
6. sach kahte ho, KHudbeen-o-KHud_aaraa na kyoN hooN ?
baiTha hai but-e-aainaa_seemaa mere aage
[ KHudbeen = proud/arrogant, KHud_aaraa = self adorer,
but = beloved, aainaa_seemaa = like the face of a mirror ]
7. fir dekhiye andaaz-e-gul_afshaani-e-guftaar
rakh de koee paimaanaa-o-sahba mere aage
[ gul_afshaanee = to scatter flowers, guftaar = speech/discourse,
sahaba = wine, esp. red wine ]
8. nafrat ka gumaaN guzare hai, maiN rashk se guzaraa
kyoN kar kahooN, lo naam na uska mere aage
[ gumaaN = doubt, rashk = envy ]
9. imaaN mujhe roke hai jo khiNche hai mujhe kufr
ka'aba mere peeche hai kaleesa mere aage
[ kufr = impiety, kaleesa = church/cathedral ]
10. aashiq hooN, pe maashooq_farebee hai mera kaam
majnooN ko bura kehti hai laila mere aage
[ farebee = a fraud/cheat ]
11. KHush hote haiN par wasl meiN yoN mar naheeN jaate
aayee shab-e-hijaraaN ki tamanna mere aage
[ hijr = separation ]
12. hai mauj_zan ik qulzum-e-KHooN, kaash, yahee ho
aata hai abhee dekhiye kya-kya mere aage
[ mauj_zan = exciting, qulzum = sea, KHooN = blood ]
13. go haath ko jumbish naheeN aaNhoN meiN to dam hai
rehne do abhee saaGHar-o-meena mere aage
[ jumbish = movement/vibration, saaGHar-o-meena = goblet ]
14. ham_pesha-o-ham_masharb-o-ham_raaz hai mera
'GHalib' ko bura kyoN kaho achchaa mere aage !
[ ham_pesha = of the same profession, ham_masharb = of the
same habits/a fellow boozer, ham_raaz = confidant ]
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1. fir kuchch is dil ko beqaraaree hai
seena zoya-e-zaKHm-e-kaaree hai
[ zoya = searcher, zaKHm-e-kaaree = deep wound ]
2. fir jigar khodane laga naaKHun
aamad-e-fasl-e-laala_qaaree hai
[ aamad = arrival, fasl = season/harvest ]
3. qibla-e-maqsad-e-nigaah-e-niyaaz
fir wahee parda-e-'amaaree hai
[ niyaaz = desire, 'amaaree = rider's seat with a canopy on an
elephant or camel ]
4. chashm-e-dallaal -e- jins-e-ruswaaee
dil KHareedaar-e-zauq-e-KHwaaree hai
[ chashm = eye, jins = things/items, zauq = taste ]
5. wohee sad_rang naala farsaayee
wohee sad_goona ashq_baaree hai
[ sad = hundred, naala farsaayee = lamenter, sad_goona = hundred
times, ashq_baaree = lamentation ]
6. dil hawa-e-KHiraam-e-naaz se fir
mahshristaan-e-beqaraaree hai
[ KHiraam = speed, mahshar = the last day/"qayaamat ka din",
mahshristaan = place of the last day ]
7. jalwa fir arz-e-naaz karta hai
roz-e-baazaar-e-jaaN_sipaaree hai
[ jalwa = splendour, jaaN_sipaaree = resigning one's life into
the hands of another ]
8. fir usee bewafa pe marte haiN
fir wohee zindagee hamaaree hai
9. fir khula hai dar-e-adaalat-e-naaz
garm baazaar-e-fauj_daaree hai
[ dar = abode, fauj_daaree = military court ]
10. ho raha hai jahaan meiN andher
zulf kee fir sarishta_daaree hai
[ sarishta_daaree = a regulator's position ]
11. fir kiya paara-e-jigar ne sawaal
ek fariyaad-o-aah-o-zaaree hai
[ paara = fragment ]
12. fir hue haiN gawaah-e-ishq talab
ashq_baaree ka hukm_zaaree hai
[ talab = search/desire/request, ashq_baaree = lamentation ]
13. dil-o-mizhgaaN ka jo muqadamaa tha
aaj fir uskee roob_qaaree hai
[ mizhgaaN = eyelids, roob_qaaree = to put the mind into work ]
14. be_KHudee be_sabab naheeN 'GHalib'
kuchch to hai jiskee pardaadaaree hai
[ be_KHudee = rapture, be_sabab = without any reason,
pardaadaaree = to hide, esp. fault ]
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1. rone se aur ishq meiN be_baak ho gaye
dhoye gaye ham 'eise ki bas paak ho gaye
[ be_baak = outspoken/bold, paak = pure/clean/holy ]
2. sarf-e-baha-e-mai hue aalaat-e-maikashee
the; ye hee do hisaab, so yoN paak ho gaye
[ sarf = expenditure, baha = value/price, mai = bar,
aalaat = instruments/apparatus, maikashee = boozing ]
3. ruswa-e-dahar go hue aawaargee se tum
baare tabeeyatoN ke to chaalaak ho gaye
[ dahar = world, baare = atlast ]
4. kehta hai kaun naala-e-bulbul ko be_asar
parde meiN gul ke laakh jigar chaak ho gaye
[ chaak = slit/torn ]
5. pooche hai kya wujood-o-adam 'ehl-e-shauq ka
aap apnee aag se KHas-o-KHaashaak ho gaye
[ wujood = existence, adam = non existence,
KHas-o-Khaashaak = destroyed ]
6. karne gaye the; usse taGHaaful ka ham gila
kee ek hee nigaah ki bas KHaak ho gaye
[ taGHaaful = negligence, gila = complaint, KHaak = dust/ashes ]
7. is DHang se uTHaayee kal usne 'Asad' ki laash
dushman bhee jisko dekhke GHamnaak ho gaye
[ GHamnaak = grief stricken ]
..........................................................................
1. woh firaaq aur woh wisaal kahaaN ?
woh shab-o-roz-o-maah-o-saal kahaaN ?
[ firaaq = separation, wisaal = meeting, shab = night,
roz = day, maah = month, saal = year ]
2. fursat-e-kaarobaar-e-shauq kise ?
zauq-e-nazzaraa-e-jamaal kahaaN ?
[ zauq = delight/joy, jamaal = beauty ]
3. dil to dil wo dimaaGH bhee na rahaa
shor-e-sauda-e-KHatt-o-KHaal kahaaN ?
4. thee woh ik shaKHs ke tasavvur se
ab woh raanaai-e-KHayaal kahaaN ?
[ tasavvur = imagination, raanaai-e-KHayaal = tender thoughts ]
5. 'eisa aasaaN naheeN lahoo rona
dil meiN taaqat jigar meiN haal kahaaN ?
[ haal = spiritual ecstasy ]
6. hamse chooTa qamaar_KHaana-e-ishq
waaN jo jawaiN, girah meiN maal kahaaN ?
[ qamaar_khaana = casino, girah = knot/joint ]
7. fikr-e-duniyaaN meiN sar khapaata hooN
maiN kahaaN aur ye wabaal kahaaN ?
[ wabaal = calamity ]
8. muzmahil ho gaye quwa'a 'GHalib'
wo anaasir meiN 'eitdaal kahaaN ?
[ muzmahil = exhausted/idle, quwa'a = limbs, anaasir = elements,
'eitdaal = moderation ]
........................................................................
1. ye na thee hamaaree qismat ke wisaal-e-yaar hota
agar aur jeete rehte yahee ...